Declaration of structure variable

We can declare structure variables in different ways.

Declaring structure variable along with structure declaration

Syntax

struct name/tag
{
    //structure members

} variables;

Example

struct car
{
      char  name[100];
      float price;
} car1;

We can also declare many variables using comma (,) like below,

Example

struct car
{
      char  name[100];
      float price;
} car1, car2, car3;

Declaring structure variable using struct keyword.

Syntax

struct name variables;

Example

struct car
{
      char  name[100];
      float price;
};

struct car car1, car2, car3;

In general, we declare variables like,

<data type> variables;

Example

int i;
float f;

In structure, data type is <struct name>. So, the declaration will be

<struct name> variables;

Example

struct car car1;

Initializing structure members

We can initialize the structrue members directly like below,

Example

struct car
{
      char  name[100];
      float price;
};

//car1 name as "xyz"
//price as 987432.50

struct car car1 ={"xyz", 987432.50};

How to access the structure members?

To access structure members, we have to use dot (.) operator.

It is also called the member access operator.

To access the price of car1,

car1.price

To access the name of car1,

car1.name

Sample Program

Example

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
    struct car
    {
        char  name[100];
        float price;
    };

    // car1.name -> "xyz"
    //car1.price -> 987432.50
    struct car car1 ={"xyz", 987432.50};

    //printing values using dot(.) or 'member access' operator
    printf("Name of car1 = %s\n",car1.name);
    printf("Price of car1 = %f\n",car1.price);

    return 0;

}

We can also change the value of structure members using dot (.) operator or member access operator

Sample program

Example

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
    struct car
    {
        char  name[100];
        float price;
    };

    // car1.name -> "xyz"
    //car1.price -> 987432.50
    struct car car1 ={"xyz", 987432.50};

    //changing car1 price 
    car1.price = 1000000.50;

    printf("Price of car1 = %f\n",car1.price); //output will be 1000000.50

    return 0;

}